EMMA WATSON
Photographed by ELLE US | 2014
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emmawatson Friends capture you best 🦋 📸 @t22felton
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Gal Gadot photographed for The Hollywood Reporter, March 2018
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You’re allowed to be excited about the little things. You’re allowed to be goofy. You’re allowed to be dorky about your favorite tv show, to make blanket forts, to enjoy cheesy movies, even just to sleep with stuffed animals. You’re allowed to do any of the things that make life a little more bearable. It’s fine, ok?
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if you’re an adult that works with kids of any age do me two quick favors:
- learn the symptoms of adhd and autism and their presentation in all genders. you dont have to be an expert, just know a bit about it beyond popular knowledge.
- learn to recognize signs a kid is being abused in any way. beyond bruises and black eyes. learn to recognize the fearful apologies and hesitation. do some research.
do me these two favors and save tens of lives.
that’s no exageration either. after teaching my mom basics about mental disorders, she started spotting neurodivergent kids in her classrooms and helped them get help. almost every child she’s helped has been diagnosed with the disorder she predicted and none of them would have been diagnosed at a young age without her help. knowing this stuff matters.
learn. save lives. don’t make kids grow up in fear of their symptoms and family.
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Stop planting your flowers in other people’s gardens if you know they aren’t going to water them.
is this metaphorical or are we talking about animal crossing because i
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everyone who died at the battle of hogwarts missed All Star by Smash Mouth’s release two days later
It’s so tragic, they still had so much to do, so much to see
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(Image caption: The figure shows that cellular tau fibril uptake requires 6-O-sulfation and N-sulfation of the HSPG side chains: The cell in the lower half expresses HSPGs with all the sulfate moieties and internalizes tau via macropinocytosis. The cell in the upper half is genetically modified and lacks N-sulfation (red circles) and 6-O-sulfation (yellow circles) and thus, tau fibril uptake is inhibited)
The secret sulfate code that lets the bad Tau in
Vampires can turn humans into vampires, but to enter a human’s house, they must be invited in. Researchers at the UT Southwestern Medical Center, writing in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, have uncovered details of how cells invite inside corrupted proteins that can turn normal proteins corrupt, leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Understanding the molecular details of how these proteins spread from cell to cell could lead to therapies to halt disease progression.
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are associated with particular proteins in the brain misfolding, aggregating, and inducing normal proteins to misfold and aggregate. Marc Diamond’s group at UT Southwestern discovered in 2013 that to enter new cells and propagate misfolding, the disease-associated proteins tau, alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta must bind to a type of sugar-protein molecule called heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on the cell’s surface. This binding triggers the cell to bring the corrupted protein inside. In the new study, the group sought to understand more about how this process worked.
“The question was, how specific is this (process)? Or is it not specific at all?” asked Barbara Stopschinski, the physician and researcher in Diamond’s lab who oversaw the new work. What were the details of the chemical communication between HSPG and tau that triggered tau’s entry into the cells? And was this process different for alpha-synuclein (associated with Parkinson’s disease), amyloid-beta and tau (both associated with Alzheimer’s disease)?
HSPGs can be of different sizes and structures; they can be decorated with different patterns of sugars, and the sugars can themselves contain different patterns of sulfur-containing groups (sulfate moieties). Stopschinski systematically tested how different patterns of sulfate moieties affected the binding and uptake into cells of alpha-synuclein, amyloid-beta and tau.
She found that misfolded tau could enter cells through only a very specifically decorated and modified HSPG. Amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein, on the other hand, were more flexible in the kinds of sulfate moieties that triggered their uptake. Furthermore, Stopschinski identified the enzymes in the cells that created particular sulfation patterns in HSPGs. When these enzymes were removed, misfolded tau was no longer taken up into cells, presumably because HSPG sugar decorations and sulfation patterns changed, meaning misfolded tau no longer knew the molecular password.
The team now wants to understand whether these processes work the same way in the brain as they do in cultures of brain cells. Diamond hopes that understanding how corrupted proteins move between brain cells will lead to ways of stopping them.
“There’s something very remarkable about how efficiently a cell will take up these aggregates, bring them inside and use them to make more,” Diamond said. “This knowledge has important implications for our understanding how neurodegenerative diseases get worse over time. Because we have identified specific enzymes that can be inhibited to block this process, this could lead to new therapies.”
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the worst thing about zodiac posts is even if you tell yourself you don’t care it’s basically impossible to avoid scrolling to check what fruit tree your sign is
I feel cheated that this wasn’t immediately followed by a ‘the signs as fruit trees’ post
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